The Blog Lion Pharmacy has a new address and has been completely revised and updated!
http://loewenapothekebederkesa.wordpress.com
Happy reading!
Jens Christian Heuer
Monday, November 17, 2008
Can I Make My 7610 As A Webcam Of Pc?
Our new website
The Blog Lion Pharmacy has a new address and has been completely revised and updated!
http://loewenapothekebederkesa.wordpress.com
Happy reading!
Jens Christian Heuer
The Blog Lion Pharmacy has a new address and has been completely revised and updated!
http://loewenapothekebederkesa.wordpress.com
Happy reading!
Jens Christian Heuer
Thursday, May 29, 2008
Change Body Style Yukon
actions
Let us check in your veins -
of 02 June 2008 - 06 June 2008
We offer to all interested in during this time to test the function of the superficial veins. The test will take with Preparation and review of the result approximately 10-15 minutes. Please register in advance to avoid waiting times: 04745/325 Tel. The measurement is made using LRR - measuring system (= light out Rheografie). It is measured on photometric means (photometry = light measurement), the change in blood volume in the superficial veins. Every customer gets for his test certificate, he may submit his doctor at the next visit.
tired, heavy legs and swollen ankles, or visible veins changes:
This may reflect a weak veins: his (medical primary varicose veins). By changing its structure, the veins lax, can expand and include no more than small valves in the veins existing venous valve effective. 
Common horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
The effective dose is 100 mg of escin per day, possibly as a delayed-release. We recommend Venostasin retard capsules, because the good effect of this preparation particularly detailed scientific documented.
flavone derivatives have been used for centuries in folk medicine of Asia. In the 1930s, scientists became aware of it, when it was found that capillary not with pure vitamin C, but with crude vegetable vitamin C could cure preparations. As an effective mixture found the flavone derivatives. They usually occur as yellowish pigment in fruits, flowers and other parts of numerous plants. To this date, more than 600 derivatives, chemically derived largely from rutin. A major disadvantage is that they are poorly soluble. Therefore, the plant compound rutin by appending a semi-synthetic water-soluble moiety to the water-soluble Drug rutoside processed. Flavone derivatives are antioxidants have a wide range of biological effects, in the foreground are the effects on the capillary system: they are less transparent and less brittle. Several flavonoids are used for different applications. Vein treatment especially the halbynthetische Oxerutin from the Japanese tree line is recommended, as figures for the corresponding preparation Venoruton very good efficacy evidence. The effective dose is 10-20 mg / kg body weight / day, entsprecht about 1000 mg daily dose. Both under-and overdose leading to a weakening effect.
Both the chestnut extract as well as contribute additional Oxerutin compression therapy to reduce swelling and "open leg" promotes healing.
What resources do not, however, is a thrombosis prophylaxis. Are suitable for this compression therapy and heparin. Anyone who has a long flight, train or bus in front of him, with horse chestnut extract can prevent symptoms such as aching, swollen legs, but must take in the event of a known risk of thrombosis doctor heparin.
compression therapy for the duration of treatment of venous insufficiency, compression stockings and pantyhose a cornerstone of treatment, provided that the patient comes to right and there is no reason such as movement restrictions, Heart failure or arterial circulation problems, however. Compression therapy should be prescribed by a doctor. Modern compression stockings are relatively thin and available in different qualities. Their effect depends on the amount of pressure. Therefore, they are offered in 4 compression classes. It is shown to prevent thrombosis.
support stockings or tights may be the drug of choice for minor complaints such as swollen legs and light varicose veins, because they are easier to attract and pleasant to be borne, because they exert less pressure than surgical fabric.
there as "nylons" and also with high cotton content. In the Lion Pharmacy Bederkesa a selection of them in stock. It also makes sense to combine them with internal resources 8s.o. be occupied).
What can you do for yourself?
Important advice for patients with venous diseases, according to Professor C. Diem
is almost everything that has to do with movement, good for your legs. (Walking, cycling, swimming, hiking). If
avoid prolonged standing and sitting can not walk around frequently to make toe stands.
ins weight is your weight. to carry more load your legs, the more they are charged. Make it your legs slightly and try get rid of unnecessary pounds.
drink per day for at least 2 liters of water in the summer of 3 liters. Make sure that the drinks contain too much salt.
Eat a healthy, fiber-rich. Chronic constipation combatting regulate bowel movement by fiber-rich foods, because strong straining at stool is an essential factor in varicose vein formation.
Flat, wear comfortable shoes (no pointed high-heeled shoes with heels). The cheapest is a slightly elevated heel and a good insole. Going barefoot is healthy, if not in addition there is a vascular disease of the legs or diabetes.
more legs cold (not ice cold) shower off with cold showers or alternating (10-16 ° C) and warm water (38 ° C) are a boon for the legs. Run the water jet outside of the leg up to the groin. Repeat the process on the inside. Cold-blooded applications should always finish with cold water. Also Kneipp treading water does your veins well.
high leg! Take the day and at night time, put your feet. Place the foot of the bed just high by 3 to 5 centimeters.
If your doctor prescribes it every day wear compression stockings (put on the best before getting up) and take the decongestant medications (Ödemprotektiva) to rule. As part drug therapy, however, should come only groups of substances used, their therapeutic effect is demonstrated by controlled studies.
SSS and LLL rule
sitting and standing is bad, my friend lying or running.
Avoid:
Isometric exercises (strength training, weight lifting) should be avoided.
Avoid wearing of heavy loads.
Avoid tight clothes (tight pants, tight corsets, stockings and rubber belts, narrow belts).
Avoid nicotine and alcohol to excess.
disadvantage is all that expands the vein: Hot baths, extensive exposure to the sun too long Sauna.
General recommendation: avoid heat and direct sunlight.
Vein Support Measures
put your feet up as often as possible
Specific exercises for the leg muscles
leg cool baths
avoid heat as much exercise (eg swimming, cycling)
stockings
Oops!
If you have any unusual symptoms, a sudden swelling and / or a blue discoloration of a limb, for example, cough or shortness of breath with or without respiratory-related stabbing pain, you should consult your doctor. 
vein measurement week
Let us check in your veins -
of 02 June 2008 - 06 June 2008
We offer to all interested in during this time to test the function of the superficial veins. The test will take with Preparation and review of the result approximately 10-15 minutes. Please register in advance to avoid waiting times: 04745/325 Tel. The measurement is made using LRR - measuring system (= light out Rheografie). It is measured on photometric means (photometry = light measurement), the change in blood volume in the superficial veins. Every customer gets for his test certificate, he may submit his doctor at the next visit.
tired, heavy legs and swollen ankles, or visible veins changes:
This may reflect a weak veins: his (medical primary varicose veins). By changing its structure, the veins lax, can expand and include no more than small valves in the veins existing venous valve effective.
weak veins, varicose veins
Then , the oxygen-poor "used" blood is not more easily flow back to the heart. The congestion is putting pressure on the vessel walls, leading to swelling of the tissue, and oxygen depletion promotes damaging processes in the vein walls, so the progression of the disease. They can lead to phlebitis, eczema and "open leg", ie an ulcer. For complaints should be examined, therefore, by the physician. Treatment depends on the type and severity of venous disease and possibly additional aggravating diseases.
Many individual factors influence continue on this disease process, which tends to. You can stop it, but do not most vein damage reversed. Therefore, it is important to do a lot to the development and progression to slow the weak veins. Varicose veins should be treated in principle.
genetic factors, obesity, occupations related activities, Pregnancies and increasing age are major risk factors.
Drug treatment
There are 2 groups of recommended resources for which good scientific proof of efficacy: horse chestnut seed extracts and flavone derivatives. Both are used internally. For externally applied means that science has found no placebo effect beyond. Whether one takes better
chestnut extracts or flavone, is not to say in general. In general, both are recommended in the individual case of each of these resources may also withdraw because of side effects such as gastrointestinal intolerance. Overall, both agents are very few side effects and also on time and in pregnancy-friendly. They also have little interaction with other drugs and, finally, they are recommended because they act in combination with compression of approximately twice the rate of compression or drug alone.
horse chestnut extract as main ingredient the triterpene mixture escin. It counteracts the escape of liquid (including proteins and electrolytes) counter and cells from the blood vessels and has a gefäßabdichtende effect. By inhibiting lysosomal Emzyme that tend to accumulate in the damaged vein, has chestnut extract against the abolition of Glycokalix (mucopolysaccharides) in the capillary wall. Escin inhibits inflammatory processes and promotes the microcirculation. In different studies, significant improvement in subjective symptoms such as fatigue, heaviness, and soreness, itching, pain and swelling were also measured objectively demonstrated.
Many individual factors influence continue on this disease process, which tends to. You can stop it, but do not most vein damage reversed. Therefore, it is important to do a lot to the development and progression to slow the weak veins. Varicose veins should be treated in principle.
genetic factors, obesity, occupations related activities, Pregnancies and increasing age are major risk factors.
Drug treatment
There are 2 groups of recommended resources for which good scientific proof of efficacy: horse chestnut seed extracts and flavone derivatives. Both are used internally. For externally applied means that science has found no placebo effect beyond. Whether one takes better
chestnut extracts or flavone, is not to say in general. In general, both are recommended in the individual case of each of these resources may also withdraw because of side effects such as gastrointestinal intolerance. Overall, both agents are very few side effects and also on time and in pregnancy-friendly. They also have little interaction with other drugs and, finally, they are recommended because they act in combination with compression of approximately twice the rate of compression or drug alone.
horse chestnut extract as main ingredient the triterpene mixture escin. It counteracts the escape of liquid (including proteins and electrolytes) counter and cells from the blood vessels and has a gefäßabdichtende effect. By inhibiting lysosomal Emzyme that tend to accumulate in the damaged vein, has chestnut extract against the abolition of Glycokalix (mucopolysaccharides) in the capillary wall. Escin inhibits inflammatory processes and promotes the microcirculation. In different studies, significant improvement in subjective symptoms such as fatigue, heaviness, and soreness, itching, pain and swelling were also measured objectively demonstrated.
Common horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
Source: Wikipedia
The effective dose is 100 mg of escin per day, possibly as a delayed-release. We recommend Venostasin retard capsules, because the good effect of this preparation particularly detailed scientific documented.
flavone derivatives have been used for centuries in folk medicine of Asia. In the 1930s, scientists became aware of it, when it was found that capillary not with pure vitamin C, but with crude vegetable vitamin C could cure preparations. As an effective mixture found the flavone derivatives. They usually occur as yellowish pigment in fruits, flowers and other parts of numerous plants. To this date, more than 600 derivatives, chemically derived largely from rutin. A major disadvantage is that they are poorly soluble. Therefore, the plant compound rutin by appending a semi-synthetic water-soluble moiety to the water-soluble Drug rutoside processed. Flavone derivatives are antioxidants have a wide range of biological effects, in the foreground are the effects on the capillary system: they are less transparent and less brittle. Several flavonoids are used for different applications. Vein treatment especially the halbynthetische Oxerutin from the Japanese tree line is recommended, as figures for the corresponding preparation Venoruton very good efficacy evidence. The effective dose is 10-20 mg / kg body weight / day, entsprecht about 1000 mg daily dose. Both under-and overdose leading to a weakening effect.
Both the chestnut extract as well as contribute additional Oxerutin compression therapy to reduce swelling and "open leg" promotes healing.
What resources do not, however, is a thrombosis prophylaxis. Are suitable for this compression therapy and heparin. Anyone who has a long flight, train or bus in front of him, with horse chestnut extract can prevent symptoms such as aching, swollen legs, but must take in the event of a known risk of thrombosis doctor heparin.
compression therapy for the duration of treatment of venous insufficiency, compression stockings and pantyhose a cornerstone of treatment, provided that the patient comes to right and there is no reason such as movement restrictions, Heart failure or arterial circulation problems, however. Compression therapy should be prescribed by a doctor. Modern compression stockings are relatively thin and available in different qualities. Their effect depends on the amount of pressure. Therefore, they are offered in 4 compression classes. It is shown to prevent thrombosis.
support stockings or tights may be the drug of choice for minor complaints such as swollen legs and light varicose veins, because they are easier to attract and pleasant to be borne, because they exert less pressure than surgical fabric.
there as "nylons" and also with high cotton content. In the Lion Pharmacy Bederkesa a selection of them in stock. It also makes sense to combine them with internal resources 8s.o. be occupied).
What can you do for yourself?
Important advice for patients with venous diseases, according to Professor C. Diem
is almost everything that has to do with movement, good for your legs. (Walking, cycling, swimming, hiking). If
avoid prolonged standing and sitting can not walk around frequently to make toe stands.
ins weight is your weight. to carry more load your legs, the more they are charged. Make it your legs slightly and try get rid of unnecessary pounds.
drink per day for at least 2 liters of water in the summer of 3 liters. Make sure that the drinks contain too much salt.
Eat a healthy, fiber-rich. Chronic constipation combatting regulate bowel movement by fiber-rich foods, because strong straining at stool is an essential factor in varicose vein formation.
Flat, wear comfortable shoes (no pointed high-heeled shoes with heels). The cheapest is a slightly elevated heel and a good insole. Going barefoot is healthy, if not in addition there is a vascular disease of the legs or diabetes.
more legs cold (not ice cold) shower off with cold showers or alternating (10-16 ° C) and warm water (38 ° C) are a boon for the legs. Run the water jet outside of the leg up to the groin. Repeat the process on the inside. Cold-blooded applications should always finish with cold water. Also Kneipp treading water does your veins well.
high leg! Take the day and at night time, put your feet. Place the foot of the bed just high by 3 to 5 centimeters.
If your doctor prescribes it every day wear compression stockings (put on the best before getting up) and take the decongestant medications (Ödemprotektiva) to rule. As part drug therapy, however, should come only groups of substances used, their therapeutic effect is demonstrated by controlled studies.
SSS and LLL rule
sitting and standing is bad, my friend lying or running.
Avoid:
Isometric exercises (strength training, weight lifting) should be avoided.
Avoid wearing of heavy loads.
Avoid tight clothes (tight pants, tight corsets, stockings and rubber belts, narrow belts).
Avoid nicotine and alcohol to excess.
disadvantage is all that expands the vein: Hot baths, extensive exposure to the sun too long Sauna.
General recommendation: avoid heat and direct sunlight.
Vein Support Measures
put your feet up as often as possible
Specific exercises for the leg muscles
leg cool baths
avoid heat as much exercise (eg swimming, cycling)
stockings
Oops!
If you have any unusual symptoms, a sudden swelling and / or a blue discoloration of a limb, for example, cough or shortness of breath with or without respiratory-related stabbing pain, you should consult your doctor.
Hedda Heuer
Tuesday, May 27, 2008
Propellerheads Recycle 2.0 Rapid
weather and climate
change in the weather in May - the hot high-pressure weather returns
Figure 3: Deflection of air particles moving through the Earth's rotation (Coriolis force )
Figure 4: Development and construction of a low pressure area low pressure area for Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862-1951), who developed the polar front theory, statements in the text.
The Current weather conditions We will now apply our newly acquired knowledge and turn our attention to the weather end of May. We use a recording of the European weather satellite Meteosat orbiting the Earth in a geostationary orbit. The satellite is flying here on such a high track, that he needs for a well Earth orbit for a day, exactly the time it takes for the earth to rotate on its axis. Therefore, the satellite rotates exactly with the earth and always remains above the same place on the earth's surface.
5: Conditions on May 27, 2008 at 12:00 UTC
Source: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/
enlarged image by clicking !
falls on the image once a mighty low of Iceland in the eye. Hot and cold front and occluded shares his front system are clearly visible (see also Figure 4). Another deep-centered west of Biscay extends with its front system in the arch of the British Isles, the Benelux countries and France. The first runners have already reached the western Germany. lies over central and eastern Europe an extensive high. The sky is there virtually cloudless . By the unimpeded sunlight it is hot and dry.
Further information is available about the weather, we show a Höhenkarte.Sie many shades indicating, respectively, in the amount of air pressure of 500 hPa decreased (elevation in meters Deka!). Since warm air will expand toward more than cold air, the air pressure is also correspondingly more slowly with increasing altitude. The warmer the air then dropped umdso greater the height of the air pressure of 500 hPa is. This gives in a summary map display then a 500 hPa area as a kind of "landscape" with "mountains" and "valleys". In the red, orange and yellow areas, there is the warm air, the temperature increases from yellow to red, in green, blue and purple areas, however, the cold air, from green to blue to violet decreasing temperature. The isobars the soil gas pressure are shown as white lines closed. isobars connect the places of the same air pressure to each other. Small distances between them show a large pressure gradient and vice versa. The air pressure values are registered in the isobars. The numbers on the 500 hPa area indicate the prevailing temperatures. A black line marks the course of the polar front where the warm air from the tropics and the polar cold air collide with each other and where the Polarfrontjetstream runs (see above).
6: elevation map for satellite image from May 27, 2008 at 12:00 UTC clock
Source: http://www.wetterzentrale.de/
enlarged image by clicking !
When Consider the elevation map is striking that is the Iceland low, as might be expected in the direct sphere of influence of Polarfrontjetstreams . The Bay of Biscay deep, however, is completely off, detached from Polarfrontjetstream and westerlies , eye to eye with the extended high over Central and Eastern Europe.
such thing can happen whenever the temperature gradient significantly decreases the polar front. The flow rate is in Jetstream then also fell sharply, so that the Rossby waves are getting stronger. The very strong jet stream meandering will then slow to the level of flow often breaks down completely. The dynamic high-and low-pressure areas in the West drift are thus as it were "frozen". The ups then block the lows ( blocking action "), which then dissolve from the west wind zone (" cut off ") to" bypass "the obstruction. poleward formed a new Polarfontjetstream and a new westerlies without Rossby waves, with correspondingly high velocity from. As no temperature compensation is possible over the temperature differences between tropical warm air and cold polar air are larger again, until by instabilities of the Jetstreams again form Rossby waves, may arise which also new dynamic high-and low pressure areas. Since the detached from the westerlies lows were originally on the cold air side of the polar front, it is for them to areas of cold air supplied from the warmer ambient air the warm air side fully enclosed. Therefore, they are also called cold air drops. As a cold upper low relatively hot air - an unstable air stratification so - "suck" the air up. This cools, and develop many clouds ( Cumulus, cumulonimbus ). Heavy rain (heavy rain, snow), and often thunderstorms (hail) are the result.
The Bay of Biscay deep is therefore a cold air drops, which ensure that within its sphere of influence for severe thunderstorms. Since the low turns counterclockwise it will warm tropical air over the Mediterranean - where she can absorb a lot of moisture - approach to central Europe. The warm, moist air but is held back by the alps. She had no option other than to the windward side of the Alps to climb, while the windward side so cool. The water vapor in the air condenses, and it comes to cloud formation and rainfall. This condensation releases heat, called latent heat. It corresponds to the energy that was needed to evaporate the water over the Mediterranean and is now released in the reverse process, of course, again. The latent heat of rising air is fresh impetus, as long as it is warmer than the ambient air, can continue the climb. Also, water vapor condenses, as long as there is still enough of it. The energy released during the heat of condensation clouds drifting all in turn the formation of clouds at. For example, a pronounced swelling clouds with heavy precipitation and severe storms often form. On the leeward side of the Alps, the leeward side of the shed rain falls to the now very dry air heats up again and again. At the same height differences and shall be warmer than it originally was before the rise, as they still contain the latent heat. North of the Alps is blowing so a warm and dry Südföhn.
We summarize again:
are raging thunderstorms in Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe under the influence of high pressure. Germany is right in the middle. So thunderstorms in the west and mostly sunshine In the south east of significantly increasing temperatures.
Health problems in high-pressure weather
Man is like all other mammals in the position his body temperature, except for small daily fluctuations, largely constant at about 37 ° C hold and this with changing environmental conditions - hot and cold weather - But even with their own different metabolic state. Especially in the vital internal organs and the brain inside the body, then, must be for the smooth functioning always a constant temperature, core temperature, maintained. In the outer layers of the body, the body shell is clearly cooler and the temperature fluctuations may be greater. To keep the core temperature constant, it is necessary that produced by metabolic processes inner-heat and the heat emitted to the environment are exactly the same. The inner-heat is used primarily with the blood stream, to a lesser extent, by simple heat conduction in the outer tissues of the body shell. On the body surface, heat is then released through the skin by conduction, convection (air circulation) and evaporation processes (sweating) to the environment. The Daduchus cooled blood flows back inside the body.
Heat production and heat output are controlled by a control center in the hypothalamus of the brain via the autonomic nervous system.
The body's temperature regulation mechanism that has several temperature sensors in the skin and tissue is, at several points: The blood vessels in the skin dilate when it is warm (vasodilation), so that the skin blood flow increases. The blood pressure falls, heart rate and cardiac work are increasing. The increased blood flow then more heat escapes to the outside. The sweat production is increased and thus the evaporation on the skin. The additional evaporation has a strong cooling. At high humidity, the sweat evaporation is impeded significantly. Adequate cooling of the body is often not possible anymore, and there are likely to overheat. If it is cold, narrow the blood vessels of the skin (vasoconstriction) and thus the body is lost less heat. If there is still a greater loss of body heat, is such a tremor, with internal heat is produced. By the release of stress hormones increase blood pressure, cardiac workload and heart rate. Since the outer blood vessels are too close together, the vital organs and the brain to increase blood circulation.
7: The thermo-regulation, the control center is located in the hypothalamus of the brain is, in the blood vessels of the skin, sweat glands and the muscles.
Source: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/ ~ cmallery/150/physiol/physiology.htm
enlarged image by clicking!
high-pressure situations with high Temoeraturen burden so dramatically the circulation, especially if there is still a high humidity. This is particularly true for elderly and sick people. You should definitely avoid unnecessary efforts in such weather conditions. During the summer, a record in 2003, the hottest in Europe for 500 years (!) Died there, 70,000 people more than usual during this period 1518.473614 ( http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/0, 00.html).
There are legitimately fear that such a hot summer as a result of climate change in the course of global warming, will soon no longer be the exception but the rule!
greenhouse effect, climate change and high-pressure weather
The earth absorbs the sun's radiation, converts it into heat and heats turn the atmosphere from below. Part of the heat from the earth is radiated back into space (infrared radiation), but the greenhouse gas retention (carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide), but again a bit. The greenhouse gas molecules absorb namely certain selected wavelengths of infrared radiation and give most of it by shocks to neighboring molecules. The atmosphere is heated by a little. However, a small portion reaches as infrared counter-radiation - the same wavelength absorbed in the first was - back to earth to get this back again some heat and cools more slowly. The rest of the recorded Heat emitted by the greenhouse gas into space. The delay in cooling the earth warmed by the sun's rays to higher temperatures than if there were no greenhouse gases. The Earth's surface then radiates the temperature rise correspondingly more infrared radiation - with the many wavelengths that can not absorb the greenhouse gases (infrared window) - into space, so that a new radiation equilibrium is at a higher temperature level. The heated by the greenhouse effect the earth is its extra heat but also from the bottom of the lower atmosphere on the troposphere. The effects of greenhouse gases add up, but can also reinforce each other disproportionately. If for example the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air, it is only a little warmer. The warmer air can hold more moisture. Water (H2O) is now but a much stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. This reinforced the H2O in the atmosphere of the relatively small greenhouse effect of CO2 (water vapor gain).
not reach all the earth, but incoming solar radiation to the earth's surface and heat it, because part of the radiation is reflected from the bright clouds in outer space (reflected), and the earth's surface itself reflects a function by their nature a certain portion of solar radiation (albedo). Is the Earth's surface such as ice or even snow covered, or are there many clouds, so the Earth has a high albedo, and solar radiation is reflected to a large extent in space. A high albedo acts so cool. Another rather small portion of solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere directly (absorbed). Clouds cooling effect not only by their high albedo, but also are of the conflicting global warming. They keep the heat even better than all the greenhouse gases because they absorb infrared radiation infrared wave in all areas! Of these, one part passes as infrared counter-radiation back to the ground, the other is radiated directly into space. This radiation into space is smaller, the greater the vertical extent of clouds is because at higher altitudes, the cloud tops much colder than the bottom. The infrared radiation of the cloud top into space is significantly less than the infrared counter-radiation at the cloud base. Depending on cloud type outweighs their cooling effect and its greenhouse effect: ice clouds (cirrus) at high altitude allow sunlight through the most part, but absorb very well the infrared radiation coming from the ground and have therefore warming. Clouds consisting of small water droplets (Cumulus, Stratus), are very bright and therefore reflect the most sunlight. Although these clouds absorb infrared radiation from the ground very well, in this case outweighs the cooling effect.
primarily through the use of fossil fuels, the concentration of the greenhouse gas CO2 has increased significantly in the atmosphere. This was accompanied by a significant rise in average global temperature (global warming). In the northern hemisphere it is a disproportionate warming of the polar region (Arctic) to watch, because if it melts the Arctic sea ice is much darker ocean below the water surface to light. Solar radiation is a much lesser extent reflects, as before, so that the heating increased, because the dark surface absorbs solar radiation much better than a bright icy surface, heats up more, and then accordingly, the air layers above. It is a self-reinforcing positive feedback - the more ice melts, the greater the warming, which melts more ice, etc. - is that of a point to be unstoppable.
Due to global warming, for example, in the northern hemisphere high-pressure weather conditions to expect more and more. This is connected with the changing Polarfrontjetstreams in the Pole, which West- and Central Europe are increasingly coming under pressure influence. Then it is hot and dry. Reason for the shift is an "encroachment" of the tropical warm air and a "retreat" of the cold air in the short polar region. In the course of recent years disproportionate warming in the Arctic (see above) also reduces the temperature and hence pressure gradient at the polar front. The jet stream will result on average slower and more meandering, so that blocking anticyclones are favored. On the other hand, are formed but also more and more cold air drops, so heavy rainfall and severe thunderstorms are likely.
In winter, the Impact of a more meandering Polarfrontjetstreams something different: like a fast, little meandering jet stream includes the polar cold air like a wall one. Meanders of the jet stream due to a lower temperature and pressure gradient at the polar front, but more so the cold polar air from him no more right "trapped". Is because it accumulated massive cold air outbreaks to the south (cold air troughs and cold air drops), which places it right cold, and it can also lead to greater snowfall. The sudden onset of winter first pass where the cold air is moving forward at best, so relatively rapidly cooling continental land masses such as Central Asia.
8:
Links: Quiet undulations of the jet stream (positive phase) favor mild, rainy summer by a strong westerly winds of the low-pressure areas. In winter, the cold polar air trapped well and it is also quite mild.
Right: If the jet stream meanders more, blocking anticyclones are more likely, and the summers are hot and dry. In winter, it always comes back to cold air outbreaks to the south (negative phase.
Source: [ http://www.washington.edu/ ] enlarged images by clicking!
Jens Christian Heuer 
change in the weather in May - the hot high-pressure weather returns
Following a rather cool days, it is now also in Central Europe really warm. The summer and the beginning of May had already given a short spell now comes with warm, moist air, lightning and thunder. How and why it happens, I want to tell about it a little ...
The weather machine
The weather machine
weather patterns on Earth is mainly driven by our sun, but her favor distributed very unequally. While the tropics, the equatorial region, then, with their high-energy solar radiation almost spoiled it behaves toward the poles rather neglected. The warming of the earth's surface is in fact the angle of incidence of sunlight-dependent. The flatter the incident radiation, the greater the surface on which they spread their energy, and the less is any piece of heated area, and vice versa. At the poles, the angle of the sun rays but is now again very flat, in the equatorial region, however, very steep. We are located in Germany, so about halfway in between. And then there's the change of day and night - the Earth rotates once every 24 hours on its axis and, above all yes even the seasons, Northern and Southern Hemisphere received during one revolution around the sun turns once more and sometimes less solar radiation, because this applies even more steeply to the northern hemisphere and flat flat on the southern hemisphere and the other times steeper in the northern hemisphere and to the southern hemisphere. The reason is that the rotational axis of the earth is not exactly perpendicular to the orbital plane around the sun but is tilted, ie by 23.5 °. In winter in the northern hemisphere, the north pole gets so from absolutely no sun (polar night) In the summer there seems indeed around the clock, the sun, but the angle of incidence of sunlight is as I said very flat, and so it is always still quite cold. In the area of the equator, however, the difference between summer and winter is low. Viewed over the whole year, the equatorial region is always heated well above the poles and in winter, this difference is larger than in summer. This temperature difference between equator and the poles carries over to the layers of atmosphere about it, because they get their heat as a stove by the different degrees of the sun heated the ground . The difference in temperature between tropical air from the warm equatorial region and polar cold air will be compensated, and that is what drives all that we as daily weather is always to experience again.
1: The formation of the seasons
Source: Wikipedia enlarged image by clicking !
weather patterns, which we'll look like in detail, plays mainly in the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, the troposphere from that of below -where the heated ground -ever upwards colder is .. In extending the very dry stratosphere where the air is already very thin. It contains ozone, the shares of the dangerous ultraviolet radiation catches the sun warms us here. For this reason, the stratosphere is warmer than the upper troposphere (temperature inversion).
In the now following explanation of the weather we want to limit ourselves for the sake of clarity to the northern hemisphere. In the southern hemisphere which processes occur with opposite sign, but otherwise quite well off.
The tropical hot air and cold polar air may spread and meet in the middle latitudes slower on the so referred Polar Front aufeinander.Da the air pressure in the tropical hot air with increasing height decreases as the cold polar air is created in the height at the top troposphere , an air pressure differential (gradient) which is directed from the hot to cold air, that is from south to north (poleward ). The result is a gradient force, the one poleward directed winds aloft ( Jetstream ) causes, but which will in turn deflected by the Earth's rotation and thus becomes a West wind. It forms a west wind zone ( westerlies ) out that until down to earth interspersed. The temperature and hence pressure gradient is not anywhere on the polar front exactly the same size and in consequence, the wind speeds in each corresponding section of the jet streams . By such irregularities begins to meander Jetstream ( Rossby waves). The wave crests (high wedges) included hot tropical air, the wave valleys (troughs height) of cold polar air.
Figure 2: Jetstream with Rossby waves, dynamic high-and low pressure areas
Source: Lufthansa brochure enlarged image by clicking!
The amount of flow of the jet streams becomes alternately accelerated and then decelerated. On the back (west side ) of a wave trough of the jet streams (trough) is accelerated, the air because the air particles will learn not only the poleward gradient force, a centrifugal force directed in exactly the opposite direction. Thus, the upper air flow is slowed down and by the subsequent still with unabated air there is an air blockage (convergence). The air column in this convergence zone is gaining ground, so that increases the soil gas pressure. The air escapes around the outside of (divergence in soil) and forms a downward pressure vortex. In this way, the dynamic high-pressure area (anticyclone ), which rotate in the northern hemisphere and clockwise equatorward Comm. Since the air in such a high pressure system drops down and warms up, dissolve clouds, if present, very fast. On the front (east side) of a wave trough (trough), the velocity of the upper air flow to increase as the decelerating centrifugal force is eliminated. The speed comes with even braked subsequent air behind and there is no air (divergence). The air column in the divergence zone is losing mass, and falls of ground air pressure. The air flows in from all around (convergence on the ground), and there is an upward low-pressure vortices. In this way, the dynamic low-pressure areas (cyclones ) veer, which rotate in the northern hemisphere because of the Coriolis force counterclockwise and poleward .
Figure 3: Deflection of air particles moving through the Earth's rotation (Coriolis force )
The earth rotates on its axis (earth rotation) and the atmosphere of air particles rotate with it. The further north you get, the slower moving air particles in the direction of rotation, because the parallels are indeed getting smaller and thus the distance to be covered during a rotation of the earth getting shorter. When a moving air particles, for example, from the equator to the north, it gets so with a higher speed in the direction of rotation of the earth, as they have in the higher latitudes are air particles. Therefore it is urgent that in the direction of the Earth's rotation ahead to the east, is thus deflected to the right. An air particles moving from the north towards the equator, it gets a lower speed in the direction of the Earth's rotation with than to the lower latitudes, each already located air particles, and it is against this back. The particles of air is to the west, so also deflected to the right. An air particles moving at a medium latitude to the east in the direction of the Earth's rotation, so it is faster than the surrounding air particles, and it moves at a latitude equal to the higher speed is deflected to the right so to the south. An air particles on the other hand, moving to a middle latitude westward against the earth's rotation loses, compared to the ambient air particles of speed and looks for a corresponding end latitude. It is to the north, so also the right abgelenkt.In the figure, the blue arrows for the gradient force are (along a pressure gradient), which sets the air particles in motion. The red arrows represent the Coriolis force deflecting and the black arrows show the resulting motion of air particles. Source: Wikipedia
enlarged image by clicking !
The deflection by the Coriolis force incidentally also makes sure that the pressure balance between High and low pressure systems is not direct and straight path. The life of high and low pressure areas will be extended so great.
By proceeding from its low pressure center of rotation of warm air poleward collides with the cold air sector (warm front), in exchange for cold air equatorward collides with the hot air (cold front) in front. At the warm front, where the warm air glides slowly over the cooler air upward, forming layer clouds, and it often begins a long time to rain (steady rain). At higher altitudes, where it is colder, to form ice clouds (cirrus ). The cold front and the cold air behind it move much faster than the anticipatory warm air that rise because of their tendency has a less pronounced forward movement. The hot air is so permeated by and by the approaching cold air is not being given because it is easier to give a strong (unstable air stratification), and it forms a distinct cloudiness . In strong winds there is very heavy showers, often to thunderstorms with hail. The warm air sector is pushed together by little. is to unite warm and cold front, while a mixed Front ( occlusion ) disappeared completely until the warm air sector. Later the area of low pressure triggers altogether. The average life span of dynamic low-pressure areas is only about a week. To the cold fronts of older low-pressure areas may in turn be small wave disturbances and the formation of more dynamic cause low pressure areas (lows edge, daughter lows ).
Figure 4: Development and construction of a low pressure area low pressure area for Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862-1951), who developed the polar front theory, statements in the text.
enlarged images by clicking !
For small wave disturbances of the Jetstreams at the Polar Front caused so dynamic high-and low-pressure vortex, like agitators for the mixing of hot and cold air and allow for a reduction of the temperature and pressure gradient between the equator and the Poland needs. The low-pressure systems are supported by the West drift to the east. In the areas under their migratory routes they provide changeable weather with clouds and frequent rain and overcast interim (between peaks) at relatively mild temperatures.
For small wave disturbances of the Jetstreams at the Polar Front caused so dynamic high-and low-pressure vortex, like agitators for the mixing of hot and cold air and allow for a reduction of the temperature and pressure gradient between the equator and the Poland needs. The low-pressure systems are supported by the West drift to the east. In the areas under their migratory routes they provide changeable weather with clouds and frequent rain and overcast interim (between peaks) at relatively mild temperatures.
The Current weather conditions
5: Conditions on May 27, 2008 at 12:00 UTC
Source: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/
enlarged image by clicking !
falls on the image once a mighty low of Iceland in the eye. Hot and cold front and occluded shares his front system are clearly visible (see also Figure 4). Another deep-centered west of Biscay extends with its front system in the arch of the British Isles, the Benelux countries and France. The first runners have already reached the western Germany. lies over central and eastern Europe an extensive high. The sky is there virtually cloudless . By the unimpeded sunlight it is hot and dry.
Further information is available about the weather, we show a Höhenkarte.Sie many shades indicating, respectively, in the amount of air pressure of 500 hPa decreased (elevation in meters Deka!). Since warm air will expand toward more than cold air, the air pressure is also correspondingly more slowly with increasing altitude. The warmer the air then dropped umdso greater the height of the air pressure of 500 hPa is. This gives in a summary map display then a 500 hPa area as a kind of "landscape" with "mountains" and "valleys". In the red, orange and yellow areas, there is the warm air, the temperature increases from yellow to red, in green, blue and purple areas, however, the cold air, from green to blue to violet decreasing temperature. The isobars the soil gas pressure are shown as white lines closed. isobars connect the places of the same air pressure to each other. Small distances between them show a large pressure gradient and vice versa. The air pressure values are registered in the isobars. The numbers on the 500 hPa area indicate the prevailing temperatures. A black line marks the course of the polar front where the warm air from the tropics and the polar cold air collide with each other and where the Polarfrontjetstream runs (see above).
6: elevation map for satellite image from May 27, 2008 at 12:00 UTC clock
Source: http://www.wetterzentrale.de/
enlarged image by clicking !
When Consider the elevation map is striking that is the Iceland low, as might be expected in the direct sphere of influence of Polarfrontjetstreams . The Bay of Biscay deep, however, is completely off, detached from Polarfrontjetstream and westerlies , eye to eye with the extended high over Central and Eastern Europe.
such thing can happen whenever the temperature gradient significantly decreases the polar front. The flow rate is in Jetstream then also fell sharply, so that the Rossby waves are getting stronger. The very strong jet stream meandering will then slow to the level of flow often breaks down completely. The dynamic high-and low-pressure areas in the West drift are thus as it were "frozen". The ups then block the lows ( blocking action "), which then dissolve from the west wind zone (" cut off ") to" bypass "the obstruction. poleward formed a new Polarfontjetstream and a new westerlies without Rossby waves, with correspondingly high velocity from. As no temperature compensation is possible over the temperature differences between tropical warm air and cold polar air are larger again, until by instabilities of the Jetstreams again form Rossby waves, may arise which also new dynamic high-and low pressure areas. Since the detached from the westerlies lows were originally on the cold air side of the polar front, it is for them to areas of cold air supplied from the warmer ambient air the warm air side fully enclosed. Therefore, they are also called cold air drops. As a cold upper low relatively hot air - an unstable air stratification so - "suck" the air up. This cools, and develop many clouds ( Cumulus, cumulonimbus ). Heavy rain (heavy rain, snow), and often thunderstorms (hail) are the result.
The Bay of Biscay deep is therefore a cold air drops, which ensure that within its sphere of influence for severe thunderstorms. Since the low turns counterclockwise it will warm tropical air over the Mediterranean - where she can absorb a lot of moisture - approach to central Europe. The warm, moist air but is held back by the alps. She had no option other than to the windward side of the Alps to climb, while the windward side so cool. The water vapor in the air condenses, and it comes to cloud formation and rainfall. This condensation releases heat, called latent heat. It corresponds to the energy that was needed to evaporate the water over the Mediterranean and is now released in the reverse process, of course, again. The latent heat of rising air is fresh impetus, as long as it is warmer than the ambient air, can continue the climb. Also, water vapor condenses, as long as there is still enough of it. The energy released during the heat of condensation clouds drifting all in turn the formation of clouds at. For example, a pronounced swelling clouds with heavy precipitation and severe storms often form. On the leeward side of the Alps, the leeward side of the shed rain falls to the now very dry air heats up again and again. At the same height differences and shall be warmer than it originally was before the rise, as they still contain the latent heat. North of the Alps is blowing so a warm and dry Südföhn.
We summarize again:
are raging thunderstorms in Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe under the influence of high pressure. Germany is right in the middle. So thunderstorms in the west and mostly sunshine In the south east of significantly increasing temperatures.
Health problems in high-pressure weather
Man is like all other mammals in the position his body temperature, except for small daily fluctuations, largely constant at about 37 ° C hold and this with changing environmental conditions - hot and cold weather - But even with their own different metabolic state. Especially in the vital internal organs and the brain inside the body, then, must be for the smooth functioning always a constant temperature, core temperature, maintained. In the outer layers of the body, the body shell is clearly cooler and the temperature fluctuations may be greater. To keep the core temperature constant, it is necessary that produced by metabolic processes inner-heat and the heat emitted to the environment are exactly the same. The inner-heat is used primarily with the blood stream, to a lesser extent, by simple heat conduction in the outer tissues of the body shell. On the body surface, heat is then released through the skin by conduction, convection (air circulation) and evaporation processes (sweating) to the environment. The Daduchus cooled blood flows back inside the body.
Heat production and heat output are controlled by a control center in the hypothalamus of the brain via the autonomic nervous system.
The body's temperature regulation mechanism that has several temperature sensors in the skin and tissue is, at several points: The blood vessels in the skin dilate when it is warm (vasodilation), so that the skin blood flow increases. The blood pressure falls, heart rate and cardiac work are increasing. The increased blood flow then more heat escapes to the outside. The sweat production is increased and thus the evaporation on the skin. The additional evaporation has a strong cooling. At high humidity, the sweat evaporation is impeded significantly. Adequate cooling of the body is often not possible anymore, and there are likely to overheat. If it is cold, narrow the blood vessels of the skin (vasoconstriction) and thus the body is lost less heat. If there is still a greater loss of body heat, is such a tremor, with internal heat is produced. By the release of stress hormones increase blood pressure, cardiac workload and heart rate. Since the outer blood vessels are too close together, the vital organs and the brain to increase blood circulation.
7: The thermo-regulation, the control center is located in the hypothalamus of the brain is, in the blood vessels of the skin, sweat glands and the muscles.
Source: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/ ~ cmallery/150/physiol/physiology.htm
enlarged image by clicking!
high-pressure situations with high Temoeraturen burden so dramatically the circulation, especially if there is still a high humidity. This is particularly true for elderly and sick people. You should definitely avoid unnecessary efforts in such weather conditions. During the summer, a record in 2003, the hottest in Europe for 500 years (!) Died there, 70,000 people more than usual during this period 1518.473614 ( http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/0, 00.html).
There are legitimately fear that such a hot summer as a result of climate change in the course of global warming, will soon no longer be the exception but the rule!
greenhouse effect, climate change and high-pressure weather
The earth absorbs the sun's radiation, converts it into heat and heats turn the atmosphere from below. Part of the heat from the earth is radiated back into space (infrared radiation), but the greenhouse gas retention (carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide), but again a bit. The greenhouse gas molecules absorb namely certain selected wavelengths of infrared radiation and give most of it by shocks to neighboring molecules. The atmosphere is heated by a little. However, a small portion reaches as infrared counter-radiation - the same wavelength absorbed in the first was - back to earth to get this back again some heat and cools more slowly. The rest of the recorded Heat emitted by the greenhouse gas into space. The delay in cooling the earth warmed by the sun's rays to higher temperatures than if there were no greenhouse gases. The Earth's surface then radiates the temperature rise correspondingly more infrared radiation - with the many wavelengths that can not absorb the greenhouse gases (infrared window) - into space, so that a new radiation equilibrium is at a higher temperature level. The heated by the greenhouse effect the earth is its extra heat but also from the bottom of the lower atmosphere on the troposphere. The effects of greenhouse gases add up, but can also reinforce each other disproportionately. If for example the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air, it is only a little warmer. The warmer air can hold more moisture. Water (H2O) is now but a much stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. This reinforced the H2O in the atmosphere of the relatively small greenhouse effect of CO2 (water vapor gain).
not reach all the earth, but incoming solar radiation to the earth's surface and heat it, because part of the radiation is reflected from the bright clouds in outer space (reflected), and the earth's surface itself reflects a function by their nature a certain portion of solar radiation (albedo). Is the Earth's surface such as ice or even snow covered, or are there many clouds, so the Earth has a high albedo, and solar radiation is reflected to a large extent in space. A high albedo acts so cool. Another rather small portion of solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere directly (absorbed). Clouds cooling effect not only by their high albedo, but also are of the conflicting global warming. They keep the heat even better than all the greenhouse gases because they absorb infrared radiation infrared wave in all areas! Of these, one part passes as infrared counter-radiation back to the ground, the other is radiated directly into space. This radiation into space is smaller, the greater the vertical extent of clouds is because at higher altitudes, the cloud tops much colder than the bottom. The infrared radiation of the cloud top into space is significantly less than the infrared counter-radiation at the cloud base. Depending on cloud type outweighs their cooling effect and its greenhouse effect: ice clouds (cirrus) at high altitude allow sunlight through the most part, but absorb very well the infrared radiation coming from the ground and have therefore warming. Clouds consisting of small water droplets (Cumulus, Stratus), are very bright and therefore reflect the most sunlight. Although these clouds absorb infrared radiation from the ground very well, in this case outweighs the cooling effect.
primarily through the use of fossil fuels, the concentration of the greenhouse gas CO2 has increased significantly in the atmosphere. This was accompanied by a significant rise in average global temperature (global warming). In the northern hemisphere it is a disproportionate warming of the polar region (Arctic) to watch, because if it melts the Arctic sea ice is much darker ocean below the water surface to light. Solar radiation is a much lesser extent reflects, as before, so that the heating increased, because the dark surface absorbs solar radiation much better than a bright icy surface, heats up more, and then accordingly, the air layers above. It is a self-reinforcing positive feedback - the more ice melts, the greater the warming, which melts more ice, etc. - is that of a point to be unstoppable.
Due to global warming, for example, in the northern hemisphere high-pressure weather conditions to expect more and more. This is connected with the changing Polarfrontjetstreams in the Pole, which West- and Central Europe are increasingly coming under pressure influence. Then it is hot and dry. Reason for the shift is an "encroachment" of the tropical warm air and a "retreat" of the cold air in the short polar region. In the course of recent years disproportionate warming in the Arctic (see above) also reduces the temperature and hence pressure gradient at the polar front. The jet stream will result on average slower and more meandering, so that blocking anticyclones are favored. On the other hand, are formed but also more and more cold air drops, so heavy rainfall and severe thunderstorms are likely.
In winter, the Impact of a more meandering Polarfrontjetstreams something different: like a fast, little meandering jet stream includes the polar cold air like a wall one. Meanders of the jet stream due to a lower temperature and pressure gradient at the polar front, but more so the cold polar air from him no more right "trapped". Is because it accumulated massive cold air outbreaks to the south (cold air troughs and cold air drops), which places it right cold, and it can also lead to greater snowfall. The sudden onset of winter first pass where the cold air is moving forward at best, so relatively rapidly cooling continental land masses such as Central Asia.
8:
Links: Quiet undulations of the jet stream (positive phase) favor mild, rainy summer by a strong westerly winds of the low-pressure areas. In winter, the cold polar air trapped well and it is also quite mild.
Right: If the jet stream meanders more, blocking anticyclones are more likely, and the summers are hot and dry. In winter, it always comes back to cold air outbreaks to the south (negative phase.
Source: [ http://www.washington.edu/ ] enlarged images by clicking!
Jens Christian Heuer
Thursday, April 3, 2008
What Kind Of Cat Is In Purina Commercials
Research News
Good news for coffee drinkers - caffeine protects the brain!
The role of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ...
Links: through replication, the genetic material is duplicated before cell division.
Good news for coffee drinkers - caffeine protects the brain!
protects the active ingredient in coffee contained caffeine stimulating the brain from the effects of a high fat diet and probably to some degree against Alzheimer's. This surprising conclusion scientists draw at least from recent animal studies with rabbits.
A group of pharmacologists from the University of North Dakota, headed by Prof. Jonathan D. Geiger studied at a "rabbit model," the consequences of a high fat diet with high cholesterol content has on the brain of the animals. Cholesterol and saturated but also unsaturated (essential) fatty acids lead to excessive damage to the tiny cell membranes, which then triggers a nonspecific immune response. There is a weak inflammation, which leads to the demise of affected brain cells. The rabbits were divided into four groups. Two groups received the fat-rich diet, but one of them was additionally 3mg caffeine mixed into the drinking water.
Allegiance Source: http://www.animal-spirit.at/
enlarged image by clicking!
corresponds transmitted to humans only a single cup of coffee per day! Another two groups received normal diet, one with and one without additional caffeine. After twelve weeks had a high-fat diet with plenty of cholesterol, the brains of animals that caffeine was also mixed into the drinking water, have suffered less damage than the brains of animals that had received no caffeine. In the control group, there were no differences between the groups with and without caffeine. Brain damage, there was obviously no.
A coffee a day is enough already!
Source: http://its-coffeetime.de/
enlarged image by clicking!
were each examined the olfactory bulb, but also parts of the cortex (perceptual processing, motor skills and higher mental functions) and the hippocampus (Gedächnisbildung, transfer of Gedächnisinhalten from the short-term to the Langzeitgedächnis). It can be damaged or dead brain cells, but also antibodies and signal substances readily detected as a result of inflammation. AStudienleiter Jonathan Geiger is convinced that caffeine protects the human brain from the adverse effects of a high-fat diet and suggested a vorbeugnde effect of caffeine against Alzheimer's. http://www.medizininfo.de
were each examined the olfactory bulb, but also parts of the cortex (perceptual processing, motor skills and higher mental functions) and the hippocampus (Gedächnisbildung, transfer of Gedächnisinhalten from the short-term to the Langzeitgedächnis). It can be damaged or dead brain cells, but also antibodies and signal substances readily detected as a result of inflammation. AStudienleiter Jonathan Geiger is convinced that caffeine protects the human brain from the adverse effects of a high-fat diet and suggested a vorbeugnde effect of caffeine against Alzheimer's. http://www.medizininfo.de
cholesterol metabolism source!
damage, a high blood cholesterol in the blood-brain barrier that normally prevents penetration of harmful substances from the blood into the brain. The brain is supplied by a network of fine blood vessels. Through these blood vessels such as the brain with nutrients and oxygen is supplied. The walls of these blood vessels form in its entirety, the blood-brain barrier. Critical to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, so-called tight-junction proteins (= tight junction tight connection) that will help the blood vessel walls of the brain for a particularly high degree of sealing. The membrane proteins, they "rivet" the cell membranes adjacent epithelial cells, allowing a diffusion barrier to control the mass transfer. Epithelial cells (surface cells) cover, similar to roof tiles, as single-or multi-cell layers, the inner and outer body surfaces. Lose the tight-junction proteins, its cohesion, it will no longer prevent the blood-brain barrier more permeable and the penetration of pollutants effectively. A leaky blood-brain barrier probably favors the development of Alzheimer's dementia, Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases, ie diseases that are associated with a progressive loss of nerve cells. Caffeine can counteract the loss of memory, had already Earlier studies in humans and animals have shown. The exact mechanism of action of caffeine was now, however, unclear. Geiger and his colleagues now believe to have understood it the first time: The caffeine promotes the biosynthesis of tight-junction proteins and thus protects the blood-brain barrier such as the adverse effects of cholesterol. This prevents the penetration of pollutants into the brain. The effects of caffeine in the brain will go after the working group to Geigerl continue to find new therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. is a first approach it all: caffeine apparently blocks especially adenosine receptors. Adenosine is a small molecule that both as a building block of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used, on the other hand, it regulates the function of virtually every body cell. The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores genetic information, RNA (ribonucleic acid) is in the transfer and implementation of information involved with protein biosynthesis. DNA and RNA are predominantly located in the nucleus (nucleus lat core), hence the name. The building blocks of nucleic acids, nucleotides, each composed of a phosphoric acid, a sugar and one base. These building blocks combine to form long strands of DNA into a double strand, the famous double helix, the RNA only a single strand. ATP is the universal energy carrier the cell. The energy can be released by fragmentation of the molecule and then drives all enrgieverbrauchenden processes in the cell.
damage, a high blood cholesterol in the blood-brain barrier that normally prevents penetration of harmful substances from the blood into the brain. The brain is supplied by a network of fine blood vessels. Through these blood vessels such as the brain with nutrients and oxygen is supplied. The walls of these blood vessels form in its entirety, the blood-brain barrier. Critical to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, so-called tight-junction proteins (= tight junction tight connection) that will help the blood vessel walls of the brain for a particularly high degree of sealing. The membrane proteins, they "rivet" the cell membranes adjacent epithelial cells, allowing a diffusion barrier to control the mass transfer. Epithelial cells (surface cells) cover, similar to roof tiles, as single-or multi-cell layers, the inner and outer body surfaces. Lose the tight-junction proteins, its cohesion, it will no longer prevent the blood-brain barrier more permeable and the penetration of pollutants effectively. A leaky blood-brain barrier probably favors the development of Alzheimer's dementia, Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases, ie diseases that are associated with a progressive loss of nerve cells. Caffeine can counteract the loss of memory, had already Earlier studies in humans and animals have shown. The exact mechanism of action of caffeine was now, however, unclear. Geiger and his colleagues now believe to have understood it the first time: The caffeine promotes the biosynthesis of tight-junction proteins and thus protects the blood-brain barrier such as the adverse effects of cholesterol. This prevents the penetration of pollutants into the brain. The effects of caffeine in the brain will go after the working group to Geigerl continue to find new therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. is a first approach it all: caffeine apparently blocks especially adenosine receptors. Adenosine is a small molecule that both as a building block of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used, on the other hand, it regulates the function of virtually every body cell. The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores genetic information, RNA (ribonucleic acid) is in the transfer and implementation of information involved with protein biosynthesis. DNA and RNA are predominantly located in the nucleus (nucleus lat core), hence the name. The building blocks of nucleic acids, nucleotides, each composed of a phosphoric acid, a sugar and one base. These building blocks combine to form long strands of DNA into a double strand, the famous double helix, the RNA only a single strand. ATP is the universal energy carrier the cell. The energy can be released by fragmentation of the molecule and then drives all enrgieverbrauchenden processes in the cell.
The role of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ...
Links: through replication, the genetic material is duplicated before cell division.
When transcribing the genetic information from DNA to RNA moving is being rewritten. In the translation the genetic information is converted by protein synthesis.
Right: by "cold combustion" of nutrients is stored energy in the form of winner and Adenosintriphoshat (ATP). By splitting this energy carrier molecule in adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphoric acid (P), the energy is released again, and then drives numerous energy-consuming processes in the cell. Thereafter, the ATP is regenerated.
at all HEREIN enzymes in response promoters (catalysts) are involved.
Source: Wikipedia and http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/LAD/C7/C7_atp.html
enlarged images by clicking!
The regulatory properties of adenosine are mediated by receptors. There are four varieties, which have different tissue distribution. Adenosine receptors are stimulated when cells have high energy needs and consumes a lot of ATP, and adenosine is released. The adenosine signal acts as a "speed limit" of cellular metabolism. A repeal of this "speed limit" increases in brain cells and their activity is achieved through the enjoyment of coffee or tea. Caffeine displaces adenosine from its receptors, thereby raising its effect on (antagonistic effect). The occupation of adenosine receptors with caffeine is in derogation of that is the "speed limit" of brain cells by adenosine. Hence the well-known and respected, encouraging effect caffeine-containing beverages. Of course, in this way are also biosynthetic (eg from Tigh-junction proteins) of the cells stimulated.
Jens Christian Heuer
Sunday, March 16, 2008
Egyptian Cotton Or Turkish Cotton For Bath Towel
economy
Schlecker with shipping pharmacy
The drugstore chain Schlecker ( http://www.schlecker.com/ ), which operates 11 000 branches in Germany (with 16 million customers every week!), rises this month in the pharmacy business. received over the Dutch mail-order pharmacy Vitalsana, a partnership with the Schlecker are first non-prescription drugs and a extra set will be sold in the health sector. Prescription drugs are to follow later. In Schlecker branches are from the order books, from which the article then by phone, mail or Internet can be ordered.
Since the year 2004 released in Germany, prices for prescription drugs. Since then, the prices are not fixed by the Government, but form the basis of supply and demand. The free prices in the trade in prescription drugs have helped customers in many places to really save money. The Lion Pharmacy Bederkesa supports and uses this new freedom of the market. If we buy non-prescription drugs cheap, we pass on this discount to a large extent to our customers!
Schlecker now claims, most favorable being and non-prescription drugs cheaper by about 20% to offer than traditional pharmacies.
A small price comparison will now show whether the in Bederkesa and transform it is:
Lion Pharmacy Bederkesa: 5,50 €
Schlecker: 6,59 €
pharmacy Sander Bremerhaven: 5,79 €
Lion Pharmacy Bederkesa: 5,95 €
Schlecker: 7 , 79 €
A potheke Sander Bremerhaven: 6,29 €
Lion Pharmacy Bederkesa: 2,70 €
Schlecker: 3,99 €
pharmacy Sander Bremerhaven: 2,99 €
Löwen-Apotheke Bederkesa: 4,95 € Schlecker: 6,49 € pharmacy Sander Bremerhaven: 4,99 €
(Compare Grippostad 24 Kaps Curazink 20 capsules, ACC acute 10 effervescent tablets,
Superpep 10 chewing gum coated tablets, 20 tablets and Thomapyrin Elmex jelly 25 g)
over the top for quick this list you can easily see that Schlecker here is consistently more expensive than the two community pharmacies! This does not mean that the prescription for all medications is so, but the price comparison shows in any case very clearly:
closer look is worthwhile for the customer, for the community pharmacy not only offers expert advice, but is often even cheaper!
Jens Christian Heuer
Sources: ad pharmacy Sander, display Schlecker, Business Week Online 2/28/2008 
Schlecker with shipping pharmacy
The drugstore chain Schlecker ( http://www.schlecker.com/ ), which operates 11 000 branches in Germany (with 16 million customers every week!), rises this month in the pharmacy business. received over the Dutch mail-order pharmacy Vitalsana, a partnership with the Schlecker are first non-prescription drugs and a extra set will be sold in the health sector. Prescription drugs are to follow later. In Schlecker branches are from the order books, from which the article then by phone, mail or Internet can be ordered.
Since the year 2004 released in Germany, prices for prescription drugs. Since then, the prices are not fixed by the Government, but form the basis of supply and demand. The free prices in the trade in prescription drugs have helped customers in many places to really save money. The Lion Pharmacy Bederkesa supports and uses this new freedom of the market. If we buy non-prescription drugs cheap, we pass on this discount to a large extent to our customers!
Schlecker now claims, most favorable being and non-prescription drugs cheaper by about 20% to offer than traditional pharmacies.
A small price comparison will now show whether the in Bederkesa and transform it is:
Lion Pharmacy Bederkesa: 5,50 €
Schlecker: 6,59 €
pharmacy Sander Bremerhaven: 5,79 €
Lion Pharmacy Bederkesa: 5,95 €
Schlecker: 7 , 79 €
A potheke Sander Bremerhaven: 6,29 €
Lion Pharmacy Bederkesa: 2,70 €
Schlecker: 3,99 €
pharmacy Sander Bremerhaven: 2,99 €
Löwen-Apotheke Bederkesa: 2,95 € Schlecker: 3,25 € pharmacy Sander Bremerhaven: 2,99 €
Lion Pharmacy Bederkesa: 5,65 € Schlecker: 6,29 € pharmacy Sander Bremerhaven: 5,79 €
Löwen-Apotheke Bederkesa: 4,95 € Schlecker: 6,49 € pharmacy Sander Bremerhaven: 4,99 €
(Compare Grippostad 24 Kaps Curazink 20 capsules, ACC acute 10 effervescent tablets,
Superpep 10 chewing gum coated tablets, 20 tablets and Thomapyrin Elmex jelly 25 g)
over the top for quick this list you can easily see that Schlecker here is consistently more expensive than the two community pharmacies! This does not mean that the prescription for all medications is so, but the price comparison shows in any case very clearly:
closer look is worthwhile for the customer, for the community pharmacy not only offers expert advice, but is often even cheaper!
Jens Christian Heuer
Sources: ad pharmacy Sander, display Schlecker, Business Week Online 2/28/2008
Friday, January 18, 2008
Play The Simpsons Hit And Run For Free Online
psychology
Festinger, Freud and the cognitive dissonance
Our thoughts and feel our actions, this is the common view, which also agrees very well with the well-made life experiences. The American social psychologist Leon Festinger introduced his theory of cognitive dissonance, but precisely this view on its head by showing that very often our actions our thoughts and feelings and not vice versa.
An example
Imagine, you feel without cigarettes not being able to really live well, but listen to again and again from the harmful effects of smoking. And read. And morning cough is unfortunately already become the norm. This is also the reason that you recommend your doctor and pharmacist time and again to finally quit smoking.
smoking and cognitive dissonance reduction (KDR)
Source: http://www.psychologie.uni-oldenburg.de/
Enlarge image to enlarge!
from the contradiction between these diametrically opposed perceptions and thoughts about smoking (cognitions) created an inner conflict, a dissonance (dissonance), which causes unpleasant feelings. In this situation, there are several ways for you:
The best way would of course be to quit smoking, changed so that their own actions and thus the conflict of opposing perceptions and thoughts (cognitive dissonance) to dissolve. But on the other hand are often too cherished habits, such as the digestive Cigarette after a meal in a relaxed atmosphere. So often continued to smoke and tried to alleviate the internal conflict, cognitive dissonance, in various other ways:
The information on the dangers of smoking are either qualified, changed their relevant cognition thus ("It's still not clearly established," "Even Non smoking always get lung cancer." etc.), or banished from your consciousness (repression), or positive, pleasant-sounding thoughts (consonant cognitions) about smoking will be added ("Smoking is good for my nerves ..." "If I stop smoking, will I am too fat. "" My grandfather always smoked and still is 90 years old. "). The thinking and feeling is that the re-smoking, so adapted to the actual action.
cognitive dissonance reduction (KDR)
Leon Festinger (May 8 * 1919 in New York City ; † February 11 1989), an American social psychologist and son of Russian immigrants, developed in the fifties of the 20th Century, his theory of cognitive dissonance . Then comes a cognitive dissonance ("Dissonance") when two or more cognitions (K) of a person contradict each other. Cognitions are internal (emotional) processes of a person such as thoughts, opinions, desires and attitudes, but also (logical) conclusions. The cognitive dissonance (KD) produces an internal stress that causes unpleasant feelings, and therefore on the resolution required (cognitive dissonance reduction KDR).
The cognitive dissonance reduction can be achieved either by the weaker cognitions are changed or replaced, or by adding new consonant ("euphonious") cognitions.
Weak cognitions have few or no relationships with other consonant cognitions, whereas cognitions in a strong stable relationships are consonant. Completed actions are always associated with strong cognition, especially when these actions can not be undone.
Leon Festinger has proved that reduction in cognitive dissonance impressive experiments again and again.
Leon Festinger (1919-1989)
In a classic experiment by Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) had subjects perform repetitive, boring and pointless activity that appears. (Screws into a board and rotate by 90 °, unscrew the screws from the board etc.). The subjects rated their activities obviously very negative. After a long working time, the experiment was (apparently) go over, and the subjects were allowed. Later, however, they were invited as "former" Participants of the experiment the favor to win the "new" participants and to convince them that the experiment was not boring, but very interesting. Some of the former students were given $ 20 for this favor, others only $ 1 and a further part in the control group was not even asked. After her conviction work, which demanded them a lie, the 'former' asked to rate their screw-turning activity once again retroactively. Those who had received only $ 1 estimated that now more positive than before and more positive than those who received $ 20, or the control group included.
Festinger and Carl Smith recognized a cognitive dissonance among the "former", as they should be praising the "new" as an activity of interest, which they themselves had experienced in reality be very boring. The former students who received $ 20 for her lie saw in it a sufficient (financial) justification. Their cognitive dissonance was so balanced.
The "alumni" but who received only $ 1, changed their own views on the first of them viewed as boring screw-turning activity. As they had for their lies against the "new" no adequate (financial) justification remained their cognitive dissonance and then led to the apparent change of attitude. According to Festinger and Carlsmith, many people tend to lie an initially obvious lie after some time for true, without sufficient justification as aware if they are actually urged to! Cognitive dissonance
reduction (KDR) is widespread, and on closer inspection they are found also be it in politics, religion, science and business!
Freud and the displacement
Sigmund Freud (May 6 * 1856 in Freiberg (Moravia) ; † September 23 1939 in London), the founder of psychoanalysis also dealt with internal conflicts and discovered the repression, a process of cognitive dissonance reduction (KDR) amazingly similar. According to Sigmund Freud are unpleasant thoughts, memories and feelings, but also forbidden Repressed and unconscious desires often result. In
behavior and in the dreams of the repressed contents but recognizable, often without this the affected person is even aware of.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
can bring back into consciousness the repressed contents of psychoanalysis with the help of free association. This is the person to be analyzed (analysand) their ideas ( associations) to people, events, things or dream content can run free without having to censor their comments on these, even if they their spontaneous ideas appear to be unpleasant, stupid or unimportant.
The American psychologist Michael C. Anderson and Collin Green (University of Oregon) have the task of repression some time ago to demonstrate experimentally
The subjects were asked to learn pairs of words by heart, which are unrelated to each other, such as "Fish" and "test". Was called a word of the pair, the other should be reminded. Then you should avoid the subjects to think about all of the other word. Later, they were then asked to recall the full name pair again. It was found that conscious repression Works: The words to which should not remember the subjects were actually no more memorable, even when offered money for the right answer. "People can actually push memories from their minds and they forget that," Anderson said. With the aid of imaging techniques, the researchers found that doing the same brain regions are involved, which are activated from the demolition of body movements.
Using an fMRI scans (fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging) could also be localized areas that have led to this "announcement to forget": According to the researchers Is this the same regions in the prefrontal cortex, which are also responsible for the demolition exercise. Source: "Suppressing Unwanted Memories by Executive Control" in Nature (vol. 410, p. 366, edition of 15 March 2001)
This reduces the brain activity in the hippocampus, an area of memory for events of crucial.
Anderson compares the capacity to displace the control of bodily movement: If one looks like the corner of my eye, "like a plant falls from a window ledge, trying to catch these thoughts quickly - and at the last minute notice, . That it is a cactus is that one can fall better "- this is similar to the deliberate power of forgetting, which he has investigated experimentally a measure of the strength of forgetting do Anderson and his team have also found:
It is in the strength of the activity of part of the cerebral cortex on the front page (prefrontal cortex) are made when attempting memories will suppress
Jens Christian Heuer
sources. "theory of cognitive dissonance by Leon Festinger, 1978
" Neural Systems Underlying the Suppression of Unwanted Memories "in Science (vol. 303, p. 232, first edition of 9 04)
Wikipedia 
Festinger, Freud and the cognitive dissonance
Our thoughts and feel our actions, this is the common view, which also agrees very well with the well-made life experiences. The American social psychologist Leon Festinger introduced his theory of cognitive dissonance, but precisely this view on its head by showing that very often our actions our thoughts and feelings and not vice versa.
An example
Imagine, you feel without cigarettes not being able to really live well, but listen to again and again from the harmful effects of smoking. And read. And morning cough is unfortunately already become the norm. This is also the reason that you recommend your doctor and pharmacist time and again to finally quit smoking.
smoking and cognitive dissonance reduction (KDR)
Source: http://www.psychologie.uni-oldenburg.de/
Enlarge image to enlarge!
from the contradiction between these diametrically opposed perceptions and thoughts about smoking (cognitions) created an inner conflict, a dissonance (dissonance), which causes unpleasant feelings. In this situation, there are several ways for you:
The best way would of course be to quit smoking, changed so that their own actions and thus the conflict of opposing perceptions and thoughts (cognitive dissonance) to dissolve. But on the other hand are often too cherished habits, such as the digestive Cigarette after a meal in a relaxed atmosphere. So often continued to smoke and tried to alleviate the internal conflict, cognitive dissonance, in various other ways:
The information on the dangers of smoking are either qualified, changed their relevant cognition thus ("It's still not clearly established," "Even Non smoking always get lung cancer." etc.), or banished from your consciousness (repression), or positive, pleasant-sounding thoughts (consonant cognitions) about smoking will be added ("Smoking is good for my nerves ..." "If I stop smoking, will I am too fat. "" My grandfather always smoked and still is 90 years old. "). The thinking and feeling is that the re-smoking, so adapted to the actual action.
cognitive dissonance reduction (KDR)
Leon Festinger (May 8 * 1919 in New York City ; † February 11 1989), an American social psychologist and son of Russian immigrants, developed in the fifties of the 20th Century, his theory of cognitive dissonance . Then comes a cognitive dissonance ("Dissonance") when two or more cognitions (K) of a person contradict each other. Cognitions are internal (emotional) processes of a person such as thoughts, opinions, desires and attitudes, but also (logical) conclusions. The cognitive dissonance (KD) produces an internal stress that causes unpleasant feelings, and therefore on the resolution required (cognitive dissonance reduction KDR).
The cognitive dissonance reduction can be achieved either by the weaker cognitions are changed or replaced, or by adding new consonant ("euphonious") cognitions.
Weak cognitions have few or no relationships with other consonant cognitions, whereas cognitions in a strong stable relationships are consonant. Completed actions are always associated with strong cognition, especially when these actions can not be undone.
Leon Festinger has proved that reduction in cognitive dissonance impressive experiments again and again.
Leon Festinger (1919-1989)
In a classic experiment by Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) had subjects perform repetitive, boring and pointless activity that appears. (Screws into a board and rotate by 90 °, unscrew the screws from the board etc.). The subjects rated their activities obviously very negative. After a long working time, the experiment was (apparently) go over, and the subjects were allowed. Later, however, they were invited as "former" Participants of the experiment the favor to win the "new" participants and to convince them that the experiment was not boring, but very interesting. Some of the former students were given $ 20 for this favor, others only $ 1 and a further part in the control group was not even asked. After her conviction work, which demanded them a lie, the 'former' asked to rate their screw-turning activity once again retroactively. Those who had received only $ 1 estimated that now more positive than before and more positive than those who received $ 20, or the control group included.
Festinger and Carl Smith recognized a cognitive dissonance among the "former", as they should be praising the "new" as an activity of interest, which they themselves had experienced in reality be very boring. The former students who received $ 20 for her lie saw in it a sufficient (financial) justification. Their cognitive dissonance was so balanced.
The "alumni" but who received only $ 1, changed their own views on the first of them viewed as boring screw-turning activity. As they had for their lies against the "new" no adequate (financial) justification remained their cognitive dissonance and then led to the apparent change of attitude. According to Festinger and Carlsmith, many people tend to lie an initially obvious lie after some time for true, without sufficient justification as aware if they are actually urged to! Cognitive dissonance
reduction (KDR) is widespread, and on closer inspection they are found also be it in politics, religion, science and business!
Freud and the displacement
Sigmund Freud (May 6 * 1856 in Freiberg (Moravia) ; † September 23 1939 in London), the founder of psychoanalysis also dealt with internal conflicts and discovered the repression, a process of cognitive dissonance reduction (KDR) amazingly similar. According to Sigmund Freud are unpleasant thoughts, memories and feelings, but also forbidden Repressed and unconscious desires often result. In
behavior and in the dreams of the repressed contents but recognizable, often without this the affected person is even aware of.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
can bring back into consciousness the repressed contents of psychoanalysis with the help of free association. This is the person to be analyzed (analysand) their ideas ( associations) to people, events, things or dream content can run free without having to censor their comments on these, even if they their spontaneous ideas appear to be unpleasant, stupid or unimportant.
The American psychologist Michael C. Anderson and Collin Green (University of Oregon) have the task of repression some time ago to demonstrate experimentally
The subjects were asked to learn pairs of words by heart, which are unrelated to each other, such as "Fish" and "test". Was called a word of the pair, the other should be reminded. Then you should avoid the subjects to think about all of the other word. Later, they were then asked to recall the full name pair again. It was found that conscious repression Works: The words to which should not remember the subjects were actually no more memorable, even when offered money for the right answer. "People can actually push memories from their minds and they forget that," Anderson said. With the aid of imaging techniques, the researchers found that doing the same brain regions are involved, which are activated from the demolition of body movements.
Using an fMRI scans (fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging) could also be localized areas that have led to this "announcement to forget": According to the researchers Is this the same regions in the prefrontal cortex, which are also responsible for the demolition exercise. Source: "Suppressing Unwanted Memories by Executive Control" in Nature (vol. 410, p. 366, edition of 15 March 2001)
This reduces the brain activity in the hippocampus, an area of memory for events of crucial.
Anderson compares the capacity to displace the control of bodily movement: If one looks like the corner of my eye, "like a plant falls from a window ledge, trying to catch these thoughts quickly - and at the last minute notice, . That it is a cactus is that one can fall better "- this is similar to the deliberate power of forgetting, which he has investigated experimentally a measure of the strength of forgetting do Anderson and his team have also found:
It is in the strength of the activity of part of the cerebral cortex on the front page (prefrontal cortex) are made when attempting memories will suppress
Jens Christian Heuer
sources. "theory of cognitive dissonance by Leon Festinger, 1978
" Neural Systems Underlying the Suppression of Unwanted Memories "in Science (vol. 303, p. 232, first edition of 9 04)
Wikipedia
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)